Power Generation
The fundamental principles of electricity generation were discovered during the 1820s and early 1830s by the British scientist Michael Faraday. His basic method is still used today: electricity is generated by the movement of a loop of wire, or disc of copper between the poles of a magnet.
For electric utilities, it is the first process in the delivery of electricity to consumers. The other processes, electricity transmission, distribution, and electrical power storage and recovery using pumped-storage methods are normally carried out by the electric power industry.
Electricity is most often generated at a power station by electromechanical generators, primarily driven by heat engines fueled by chemical combustion or nuclear fission but also by other means such as the kinetic energy of flowing water and wind. There are many other technologies that can be and are used to generate electricity such as solar photovoltaics and geothermal power.
Hydro Power Generation
Hydro electric power is conducted from hydro power generators and used to power large and small machinery for a variety of tasks. These machines withstand tremendous amounts of water pressure and environmental conditioning with each rotation of the turbine. They can be preserved with routine maintenance procedures and attention to detail. The main benefit to hydro power generator use is the availability of renewable energy with limited cost or dependency upon large organizations.
Companies considering converting power sources should use a hydro power generator to determine the viability of its implementation. These are available at many manufacturing plants, and hydro electricity power plants. Hydro power generation are the future of North American machinery.
Magnetohydrodynamic Generator
MHD generator a power generation in which the energy of the working fluid (a conductive liquid or gaseous medium) moving through a magnetic field is converted directly into electric power. The term “magnetohydrodynamic generator” is derived from the fact that the motion of such mediums is described by magnetohydrodynamics.
Direct conversion of energy is an outstanding characteristic of MHD generators, distinguishing them from electromechanical generators. In both kinds of generators the generation of electric current is based on the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction—that is, on the generation of a current in a conductor that crosses the lines of force of a magnetic field. The distinguishing feature of an MHD generator is the fact that the working fluid itself is the conductor. When it moves across the magnetic field, streams of charge carriers of opposite direction and polarity arise in it.
The working fluid may be an electrolyte, liquid metal, or ionized gas (plasma). In a typical case, where the working fluid is a gaseous conductor (plasma), the charge carriers are primarily free electrons and positive ions, which in a magnetic field are deflected from the path along which the gas would move in the absence of a magnetic field. In strong magnetic fields or a rarefied gas, the charged particles have sufficient time between collisions for translation in a plane perpendicular to the magnetic field.
This directional motion of charged particles in an MHD generation results in the appearance of an additional electric field, the Hall field, directed parallel to the flow of gas. The term “magnetohydrodynamic generator” originally denoted equipment in which an electrically conducting liquid was the working fluid. Later the term was also applied to all other apparatus of a similar type, including those using an electrically conductive gas.
The idea of the possibility of replacing a solid conductor with a liquid conductor was proposed by the English physicist M. Faraday. However, his attempt at experimental validation of his idea failed in 1832. It was not until 1851 that the English scientist Wollaston confirmed Faraday’s hypothesis by a practical experiment by measuring the electromotive force (emf) induced by tidal flows in the English Channel.
Practical use of Faraday’s idea was long delayed because of the lack of knowledge about the electrophysical properties of gases and liquids. Subsequent research was conducted in two main areas, the use of the effects of induction of an emf for velocity measurements in a moving medium (for example, in electromagnetic flowmeters) and the generation of electric power.
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